Nozzles alter and control the stream or spray pattern of fluid in a spraying, dispensing, misting, or atomizing system. They are used to dispense media such as abrasives, adhesives, chemicals, coatings, coolants, inks, fuels, lubricants, plastics, powders, steam, and water. Application ratings for nozzles are based on published literature. Consult suppliers for unlisted or custom applications. Some nozzles are designed for cleaning, coating, cutting, fire protection, fuel injection, humidification, ionizing or anti-static applications. Others are designed for machining, spray drying, plasma spraying, thermal spraying, or welding applications. Maximum pressure, maximum flow and orifice size are important specifications to consider when selecting nozzles. Most products are made of aluminum, brass, bronze, carbide, ceramic, copper, alloy steel, carbon steel, stainless steel, or thermoplastic materials. Spray patterns are characterized as concentrated or stream, flat or fan, hollow cone, solid cone, cylindrical, square, or rectangular.
Nozzles differ in terms of technology and form. Pressurized or hydraulic nozzles reduce the flow area, increasing the fluid speed and breaking the media into droplets. Pneumatic or air-assisted nozzles use the flow of compressed air to force fluid through the nozzle. The shear force of motive flow breaks the media into droplets. Ultrasonic nozzles are electrically-driven and used in cleaning and precision-machining applications. They oscillate at ultrasonic frequencies and break fluid into droplets without significant pressurization. In terms of form, in-line nozzles are pipe or line-mounted with straight-through nozzle flow. Right-angled nozzles are also pipe or line-mounted, but have a right-angle bend in the nozzle. Some handheld nozzles have an assembly that resembles a pistol grip, typically with a flow-control trigger. Other handheld products have a long tube or wand for manual spray detection.
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